Care Theory Compare Contrast - 1602 Words

Care Theory Compare and Contrast Paper Pamela Morales HCS 350 July 11, 2011 Care Theory Compare and Contrast Paper Jean Watson’s Theory of human caring is based on transpersonal relationships and developing a caring environment that offers the development potential while allowing the person to choose the best course of action. Through interactions with others we learn how to recognize ourselves in others. Watson believes that through these interactions humanity is preserved. John Paley’s article A Slave Morality: Nietzchean themes in nursing ethics criticizes Watson’s theory that caring is central to nursing. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast John Paley’s article to Jean Watson’s Commentary on Shattle M (2004)†¦show more content†¦The slaves’ leaders (the priests) initiate the revolt creating new values and attacking the ruling class as evil. The slave class as the nobles, aspires to strength and power, but has no prospect on achieving either. The will to power, the desire to obtain power, is the most important concept to bette r explain the human behavior. Eternal recurrence or eternal return means that the universe has been recurring and will continue to recur in a cyclical way (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2009). Contrast between Watson’s Care Theory with John Paley’s article Paley’s hypothesis is that doctors are the masters and nurses the slaves. Traditionally the medical profession has been overwhelmingly dominant with nursing having a position of â€Å"submissiveness†, â€Å"subordination† and â€Å"obedience†. Extrapolating Nietzsche’s ideas, nursing’s inferiority fosters ressentiment. In the same way their priests (nursing theorists) develop new slaves values or a new nursing moral authority. Essentially all values of the medical model become non-moral, the opposite of these values become the paradigm of the â€Å"caring paradigm†: the absence of science, the absence of focus and â€Å"caring† or the absence of clinical detachment. As with Nietzsche’s slaves these feeling of revenge are fuelled by the wish to obtain power; however the political balance remains unchanged (Paley, 2002). Paley believes that the nursing â€Å"revolt† that took place mainlyShow MoreRelatedWhy Should A Health Information Professional Possess A Fundamental Understanding Of The Law?1432 Words   |  6 Pagesparties to the lawsuit are forever barred from bringing a subsequent action raising the same claim or demand. It differs from state decisis in the sense that res judicata applies only to the parties and issues involved in a particular lawsuit; by contrast, stare decisis applies to future decisions involving different parties with similar issues. #7 What is the function of the judicial branch of government? To interpret the law through adjudication and resolution of disputes. Case study ChapterRead MoreLeadership And Management Theory Of Nursing989 Words   |  4 PagesNurses in their profession have evolved beyond giving basic comfort measures to an ailing person to being active developmental leaders in the whole continuum of patient care. Nurses are in the front lines leading and managing other nurses and support staff to achieve the highest form of patient care, and attain the best patient outcomes. Nursing leaders guide others towards set goals and managers pull resources together to achieve those goal. There are different styles of leadership and my styleRead MoreIn this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Compare and Contrast Paper Jeremiah Barwick Liberty CCOU 201 In this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities between Larry Crabb’s biblical model of counseling, theories, and techniques of Rodgerian theory called Rodgers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). All of these theories are a form of psychotherapy. Couselors today use techniques such as pharmacologicalRead MoreCompare And Contrastusing Apa Style. Nori Mosqueda Rivera.1010 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Using APA Style Nori Mosqueda Rivera Northcentral University The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two famous educators using APA Style. This paper will talk about theories of Piaget and Vygotsky in which similarities and differences in their theories will be discussed. At the end of this paper, you will be able to understand the differences and the and similarities between both famous educators. If we take a brief look and compare Piaget s TheoryRead MoreGrand Theorists : Theories And Theories Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesTheorists Theory is a journey to uncover the past and improve the future. By uncovering and analyzing a discipline’s theoretical journey, insight and self-awareness are gained. According to Meleis (2012), â€Å"Theories are reservoirs in which related knowledge is articulated and organized into meaningful wholes† (p.33). By implementing and analyzing theories, empowerment and guidance for the future is obtained. Meleis (2012) further classifies theories into distinct categories: grand theories, middle-rangeRead MoreEarly Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their Lifespan930 Words   |  4 PagesPiaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas about how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal Operational Stage. At the same time, Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocialRead MoreCompare And Contrast Leininger And Kubler Ross1575 Words   |  7 Pages Leininger and Kà ¼bler-Ross Theories exist to guide and teach individuals about how and why certain disciplines function. One discipline that has many theories is nursing. Nursing theories help to guide patient care. For instance, Madeleine Leininger developed the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality also known as transcultural nursing (TCN), which helps nurses to be culturally competent. There are also non-nursing theorists which can add to a nurse’s knowledge in caring for their patientRead MoreThe Theories Of Sister Callista Roy s Adaptation Theory And Virginia Henderson1729 Words   |  7 Pages The purpose of this paper is to explore the theories of Sister Callista Roy and Virginia Henderson. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Theory and Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory both play an important role in nursing today. Both theorists have written theories that can be used in a critical setting as well as multiple other practice areas. I will compare the similarities of e ach theory as well as contrast the differences. Both theories will be looked at and a plan will be developed to put themRead MoreThe Development Of Middle Range Theory1474 Words   |  6 Pagespracticing nurses started to incorporate nursing theories into their research and clinical practices. The most of the early theories fell into category of â€Å"grand theory†. While nursing researchers initially tried to utilize the grand theory in to their research, due to its wide range of information it made the effort difficult. The development of middle range theory started to emerge in attempt to incorporate in nursing research and practice. Middle range theory extend the understanding of nursing practiceRead MoreStatistical Applications1295 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: WATSON AND PALEY: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Watson and Paley: Comparison and Contrast Penelope K. Gates RNBC HCS350 Jean Watson received her nursing diploma from â€Å"Lewis-Gale School of Nursing† in Roanoke, VA, in 1961. She went on to complete her undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Colorado. She obtained a â€Å"PhD† in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. Her primary work has been in the psychiatric field of nursing. Dr. Watson has taught many nursing

Essay on Hiroshima by John Hersey - 1446 Words

Hiroshima by John Hersey The non-fiction book Hiroshima by John Hersey is an engaging text with a powerful message in it. The book is a biographical text about lives of six people Miss Sasaki, Dr. Fujii, Mrs. Nakamura, Father Kleinsorge, Dr. Sasaki and Rev. Tanimoto in Hiroshima, Japan and how their lives completely changed at 8:15 on the 6th of August 1945 by the dropping of the first atomic bomb. The author, John Hersey, through his use of descriptive language the in book Hiroshima exposes the many horrors of a nuclear attack. Through the shocking and troubling graphic detail of human suffering and the physical effect of radiation and burns caused by the dropping of the atomic bomb Hersey exposes to the reader the deeply†¦show more content†¦In the book Hiroshima the author not only exposes the physical impacts right after the bomb but also weeks and years after the nuclear attack. The effect of radiation caused by the atomic bomb on people for most lasted for the rest of there live and often was the cause of the death and for those who had children affected some of there children. One of the six people interviewed, Father Kleinsorge who had only suffered minor cuts when the bomb had been dropped, a month later they still hadn’t healed and was suffering from high fever and abdominal pain and low white cell count. But his character couldn’t receive the one thing which would have probably helped, a blood transfusion because with atomic bomb patients they weren’t sure that if you stick needles in them they’ll stop bleeding. By telling the reader about Father Kleinsorge Hersey shows the reader that the nuclear attack caused many people to suffer from radiation sick months after the actual bombing and the irony is that one of thing that could save them could also kill them. The author also tells us that by 1950 the incidence of leukemia in hibakusha (survivors of the atomic bomb) was between ten and fifteen time above the normal, this was five years after the bomb had hit Hiroshima. Hersey does this to show the reader that even for those that are lucky enough to escape death and the terrible burns from the bomb they still are affected physically by the effect ofShow MoreRelatedHiroshima, By John Hersey Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Tanimoto consciously repeated to himself â€Å"‘These are human beings’†(Hersey 1946), as he attempted to save paralyzed, dying men and women, in the book â€Å"Hiroshima† by John Hersey. Th is nonfiction book was published on August 31 1946, a year after the atomic bombing fell on Hiroshima, Japan. This publication was raw, uncensored, and truthful. John Hersey unapologetically revealed the gruesome damages done by the bombing, while also silencing those who believed that the atomic bomb was a justifiedRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey996 Words   |  4 PagesHersey, John. Hiroshima. New York: n.p., 1946. Print. Before John Hersey’s novel, Hiroshima, Americans viewed Japanese as cruel and heartless people. This warped perspective caused the majority of American citizens to feel complacent about the use of the atomic bomb against civilians. Americans, in many ways, were blinded by their own ignorance to notice the severity of the destruction suffered by not only the city of Hiroshima but, more importantly, the people who lived there. The six testimoniesRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hiroshima† was published in late 1946 and written by John Hersey. Hersey was employed by The New Yorker to Japan to explore the aftermath of the first atomic bombing done by the US. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber B-29 dropped the atomic bomb â€Å"Little Boy† over Hiroshima, Japan during WWII. He was able to examine nuclear warfare, the short-term and long-term effects, and the testing of humanity. Hersey’s intent in writing this book was to expose the lives of several survivors of the atomicRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1496 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Hersey once said, â€Å"What has kept the world safe from the bomb since 1945 has not been deterrence, in the sense of fear of specific weapons, so much as it s been memory. The memory of what happened at Hiroshima†. Early morning on August the 6th 1945, the United Sates dropped atomic bombs into the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The â€Å"Little Boy† bomb which was equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT, destroyed most of the city and killed about 130,000 people. There were few people who survived after thisRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1021 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 6, 1945, the tragedy struck Hiroshima, Japan. At exactly 8:15 a.m. an atomic bomb had been dropped and ruined the lives of millions. In a book called, â€Å"Hiroshima†, written by John Hersey. Mr. Hersey was born on June 17, 1914 in Tientsin, China. He was a prize-winning journalist and writer. Keep in mind one of the earliest practitioners of the New Journalism, in which storytelling methods of fiction are immuned to realist reportage. He won three awards, The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Anisfield-WolfRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1762 Words   |  8 PagesOn August 6, 1945, Hiroshima was unfortunate to be the first city of an atomic attack by the United States. Thousands of people were not so lucky to survive and tell their story of the aftermath of the Hiroshima bombing. In the book Hiroshima, by John Hersey, he writes about the tragic experience of six lucky survivors, on the day of the bombing in Hiroshima. Hersey wrote Hiroshima to give an insight about the experience of pain, hopelessness, and difficult time for many people of what used to beRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey2074 Words   |  9 PagesIn his book Hiroshima, written and published in 1946, Pulitzer Prize-winning American writer and journalist John Hersey argues that people should pay more close attention to the horrors of nuclear weapons that are still a major part of life today, as citizens – especially those in Hiroshima – still continue to suffer from the aftereffects of the atomic bomb set in motion in 1945. Although he never clearly states this argument, it is seen throughout his narrative that nuclear escalation continuesRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1074 Words   |  5 PagesHuman life is precious in the sense that it is all about survival. There are qualities found in humans that make survival possible. In the book Hiroshima, by John Hersey, readers experience the core of humanity found in the six survivors during the days, months, and years following the atomic bomb. Through inspiration, perseverance, and a sense of community, the Japanese people demonstrated the strength of the human spirit. These six individuals were inspired and came up with clever ideas to surviveRead MoreEssay on Hiroshima, by John Hersey 942 Words   |  4 PagesTanimoto â€Å"†¦ Found a good-sized pleasure punt drawn up on the bank†¦ five dead men, nearly naked, badly burned†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hersey, 37) near it, he â€Å"†¦ lifted the men away from the boat†¦ he experienced such horror at disturbing the dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hersey, 37). On August 6, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to end the war between them. Hiroshima, by John Hersey is a book about six survivors of the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a city. The six survivors tell theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Hiroshima By John Hersey734 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Hiroshima†, written by author John Hersey is based on the real life events that occurred on August 6, 1945, in Hiroshima, Japan. During these final stages of World War II, the U.S. dropped the first ato mic bombs on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Hersey captures the experience of six survivors, and the events of that day. Nearly four decades later he travels back to the city in search of the survivors and tells of their present lives, post-war. The purpose of the novel was to connect others

American Foreign Policy During World War II - 1909 Words

Between the end of the First World War and the start of World War II, American foreign policy gradually changed and evolved in order to fit the beliefs of the country as a whole and adapt to new international situations. World War I had not been particularly well received by the American public, with the vast majority of the people condemning U.S. involvement; they believed that the war had only hurt them and that the glorious country of America should no longer get involved in foreign wars and affairs. In essence, America was disillusioned by the experience of World War I, and such disillusionment would have a tremendous influence on how the U.S dealt with foreign events and incidents for decades to come. It cannot be stressed enough how stubborn the general public was in maintaining isolation after the end of the first World War. The diplomatic failures regarding the League of Nations and recovery had sullied the experience for the American people, and they were content to retreat into their domestic shell, desperately trying to be blissfully unaware of the events going around them all over the world. A speech by Warren G. Harding in October of 1920 reflected the general American attitude at the time; in it, he lambasted the League of Nations and criticized the fact that it was a blow at America’s constitutional integrity (Doc A). Harding, like the rest of the American people, had turned his back on the world. Fortunately, this mentality would not last; as World War IIShow MoreRelatedAmerican Foreign Policy During World War II1565 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican foreign policy shifted drastically from the birth of the new nation to the beginning of the 20th century. George Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796 left an admonition for the nation and isolationist roots from its founding President; however, by the early 1900s, William McKinley and other American Presidents took part in imperialistic foreign policy that represented a complete digressi on from Washington’s doctrine. After World War I and before the impending Second World War, AmericanRead MoreKorean War : The Cold War1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthat had already seen two appallingly destructive and costly World wars, just as the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States broke due to their ideological differences after World War II, in the midst of the Cold War was the Korean War. The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 when the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, a border between South and North Korea, to attack South Korea. The size of the war quickly grew as it began to involve countries like China, SovietRead MoreEssay on Consequences of the World War II1306 Words   |  6 PagesIn the World War I individual rights and civil liberty have died. The wartime controls had replaced the free enterprise, exchange controls and import-export regulations had replaced the free trade. The inflation had undermined the sanctit y of property. The war had shrunk the rights of individuals and enhanced the power of the State. The politicizing of economic and social life means that every dispute and every disagreement were now become the matter of national interest. This rivalry had startedRead MoreAmerica, An Ever Changing World Superpower1504 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, an Ever-Changing World Superpower America has been viewed in a wide variety of ways on the global stage. From the Progressive Era to containment, the view of the United States as a world power has changed dramatically. The country went through a large process of adopting an isolationist policy during the Progressive Era. This isolationist view was also present pre and post-World War I. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, America took a bold stance and using its industrial power pushed itselfRead MoreComparative Critique of Kennans American Diplomacy and Williams the Tragedy of American Diplomacy1279 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of American diplomatic history during the period of 1900-1950. Kennans book, American Diplomacy, offers a sharp critique with its focus on American mistakes, specifically examining the absence of direction in American foreign policy and with the end result of American strength and insecurity at the start of the Cold War. Williams, in his book The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, pursues a different but still critical perspective by asserting that American policy was largely motivatedRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pagesparadigm of American foreign policy completely shifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The first shift was seen when foreign policyRead MoreThe Truman Doctrine1364 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of American Foreign Policy during the Cold War On March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman defined United States foreign policy in the context of its new role as a world superpower. Many historians consider his speech to Congress as the words that officially started the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine was a major break from U.S. historical trends of isolationist foreign policy. His speech led to the Cold War policy of containment. Moreover, it served as a precedent for future U.S. policy of interventionismRead MoreThe Trends Of Foreign Policy And National Security1653 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican foreign policy has gradually changed since the birth of our nation. On July 4, 1891, John Quincy Adams addressed the Senate and House of Representatives during a powerful Independence Day speech designed to prevent an alliance with the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire. Although sympathetic to their cause, he warned against involving America in other states’ affairs, stating,† America does not go abroad in search of monst ers to destroy. She is the well-wisher to Freedom and independenceRead MoreAs Senator Arthur Vandenberg Famously Stated In 1947, â€Å"We1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe water’s edge.† Vandenberg’s declaration suggests that domestic policy differences should not affect how the United States conducts itself abroad. This notion is especially relevant in understanding the discrepancies – or lack thereof – between foreign and domestic policy in the modern United States. Since its founding, the United States has prided itself on its exceptionalism, with many of its leaders endorsing a â€Å"foreign policy driven more by domestic values than by the vagaries of internationalRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words   |  5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on September 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracy

Management Accounting Organizational Life Cycle Stage

Question: Discuss about theManagement Accountingfor Organizational Life Cycle Stage. Answer: Introduction This study deals with critical analysis on the article named as The Effect of Organizational Life Cycle Stage on the use of activity-based costing (Kallunki and Silvola 2008). In this particular assignment, focus has been given on investigating on usage of an activity-based price accounting systems in and amongst accounting companies in various organization in life cycle stages. The main overview of the article is explaining the successful as well as unsuccessful in phases of corporate life cycle (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). This article background and purpose lies in dedicating longitudinal study especially for corporate life cycle. The main aim of the study investigates on organizational life cycle theories at each of the growth phases. The present segment explains the usage of activity-based costing for accounting firms at maturity as well as revival phases in support hypothesis (Ward 2012). In this study, emphasis has been given for conducting robustness check on results using var ious control variables on non-response bias in the near future. . Analysis The key points behind this journal articles explain in the development stage by accounting companies as considered by fast sales development as well as expansion of activities in related products. As rightly put forward by Soin and Collier (2013), sales of firm renders formal as well as bureaucratic organization in structuring the establishment of innovation deckling stage in given way. On the contrary, revival stages reveal the firms adopting divisionalized for coping up with complex as well as heterogeneous markets. In other hand, life cycle stages of the firm describes as organizational life cycle theories in accordance with internal characteristics in external contexts (Horngren et al. 2013). This particular firm operates in various firms as dependent under stages of development in the most appropriate way. The main idea behind the article reveals understanding of firm life cycle because of contingency whereby organization responses for matching purpose. According to Parker (2012), usage of management accounting varies from various stages in case of organizational life cycle for future analysis purpose. In addition, firms require formal management accounting as well as controller organizations in later life cycle stages in comparison with early stages. Therefore, organizational life cycle considers as variable in the empirical management in an effective way (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). As opined by Chenhall and Moers (2015), main objective behind the article lies behind investigating usage of activity-based cost accounting system differing in and across life cycle stages. In this particular case, life cycle literature reports various increased competition as well as diversification of products (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). These markets actually affects firms for attaining maturity as well as revival phases for keeping emphasis on formal cost controls. This particular paper contributes towards management accounting literature in exploring life cycle stages. The major lies in dedicating the size of firm at growth phase at revival stages (Cullen et al. 2013). This firm appears in maturity as well as revival stages of operations for possessing managerial need for an advanced cost accounting system. According to Parker (2012), main findings from this article reveal the significant inferences for actual practice of management accounting research. This particularly shedding graceful on real fundamental organizational need as designated for life cycle stages for business organization. On the contrary, small business firms make use of activity-based costing at various life cycle stages. Therefore, it expands the earlier studies for understanding the effect of size using activity-based costing in comparison with other life cycle stages of accounting firms (Kallunki and Silvola 2008). The main strength of the article conducts empirical analysis based from cross-sectional survey data comprising of 105 firms. As rightly indicated by Chenhall and Moers (2015), industries conducts in various life cycle stages in supporting theory The main consequences indicates the major features of firm as stated by life cycle literature affecting usage of advanced cost accounting at life cycle phases. On the contrary, companies ranges from gaining stock marketplace listing as opposite to firms especially in the development phases. In other words, life cycle stages based upon size or ages for remaining decisive for explaining usage of activity-based accounting activities for future analysis purpose (Kallunki and Silvola 2008). This article undergoes certain weakness in developing the hypothesis section. This article lacks essential analysis on organizational life cycle stages in depth form. Research methods used in this journal article conducts on empirical analysis using questionnaire completion of 105 Finnish firms (Kallunki and Silvola 2008). It operates using information from industries as well as life cycle stages in supporting hypothesis as derived by using life cycle theories. On the contrary, result indicates usage of advanced cost accounting system differing from life cycle phases. This study reports for lower profitability activities in more diversified products as well as services for control purpose. As rightly put forward by Chenhall and Moers (2015), it involves investigating on use of activity-based costing varying from accounting firms. On the contrary, it uses self-categorization variables in measuring the life stages of accounting firms for future analysis purpose. In addition, earlier studies reports for usage of activity-based costing rise with size for companies (Kallunki and Silvola 2008). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Life Cycle Research make use of management accounting systems as it varies in and across stages of organizational life cycle. By comparing with growth firms, it has been noticed that administrative firm takes task of mature as well as revival firms dedicating huge complexity at the same time. In other words, it is needed for products and services attaining cost effectiveness for earning adequate profit margins especially on highly competitive markets. Addition to that, experiences is necessary for viewing at the increased diversification of products as well as markets in gaining higher organizational size. Therefore, it is sometime making use of advanced cost accounting systems like activity based costing for most of the revival firms. In other words, this above analysis finds out the usage of activity-based costing as rises depending upon the scope of accounting businesses in desired form. . Reference List Chenhall, R.H. and Moers, F., 2015. The role of innovation in the evolution of management accounting and its integration into management control.Accounting, Organizations and Society,47, pp.1-13. Cullen, J., Tsamenyi, M., Bernon, M. and Gorst, J., 2013. Reverse logistics in the UK retail sector: A case study of the role of management accounting in driving organisational change.Management Accounting Research,24(3), pp.212-227. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Kallunki, J.P. and Silvola, H., 2008. The effect of organizational life cycle stage on the use of activity-based costing.Management Accounting Research,19(1), pp.62-79. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Parker, L.D., 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and relevance.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,23(1), pp.54-70. Soin, K. and Collier, P., 2013. Risk and risk management in management accounting and control.Management Accounting Research,24(2), pp.82-87. Ward, K., 2012.Strategic management accounting. Routledge.